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Calculator assumptions & math

Core assumption: When computing the required fee/tx, the network is assumed to be fully utilized (i.e., blocks are full and daily throughput is at capacity).

• Bitcoin throughput: fixed at 600,000 tx/day.
• Kaspa throughput: depends on the selected BPS button:
  • 10 bps → 259,200,000 tx/day
  • 32 bps → 829,440,000 tx/day
  • 100 bps → 2,592,000,000 tx/day

Math (security budget target)

1. Prices are implied from the market cap slider/input and each chain’s circulating supply for the selected date:
   Price = Market Cap / Circ. Supply
2. Target annual security budget (USD):
   SBtarget,year = (Target SB %) × Market Cap
3. Block subsidy value (USD/year):
   SubsidyUSD,year = Yearly emissions (coins) × Price
4. Extra USD needed from fees (annual):
   ExtraUSD,year = max(0, SBtarget,year − SubsidyUSD,year)
5. Required fees per tx (USD): assuming full blocks / full throughput:
   Fee/txUSD = (ExtraUSD,year / 365) / Tx/day
6. Required fees per tx (native coin):
   Fee/txcoin = Fee/txUSD ÷ Price

Circulating supplies and emissions (daily/yearly) are the preloaded arrays in the page and change over time with the date slider.